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FAM, JOE, TAMRA and ROX, the "big four" dyes, have dominated DNA sequencing. All four dyes can be excited at a single wavelength (488 nm), but emit at distinctly different wavelengths.
Table 1 ⎪ Selected data for ABI fluorescent dyes
| Name | λmax / nm (absorption) | λmax / nm (emission) | E at λmax | Φ | τ / ns |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAM™ | 494 | 518 | 68 000 | - | - |
| TET™ | 521 | 536 | 99 000 | - | - |
| JOE™ | 520 | 548 | 75 000 | - | - |
| VIC® | 538 | 554 | - | - | - |
| HEX™ | 535 | 556 | 98 000 | - | - |
| NED™ | 546 | 575 | - | - | - |
| PET® | 556 | 595 | - | - | |
| ROX™ | 575 | 602 | 82 000 | - | - |
| TAMRA™ | 555 | 580 | 65 000 | - | - |
| TET™ | 521 | 536 | 99 000 | - | - |
| Texas Red® | 595 | 615 | 80 000 | - | - |
